History of jats

The powers which emerged in the last days of the Mughal Sultanate; Those who have played an important role in the history of the Brihumandal , the names of those Jat chieftains are very famous in history. The Jat have a very old history . Jat is a cultivating caste; But Aurangzeb 's atrocities and autocratic tendency gave him the shape of a large military power. Jatas dominated from the end of the Mughlia Sultanate till the rule of the British in the Braj Mandal. He greatly influenced Braj 's political and social life. This time it is known in the history of Braj as 'Jat Kal'. This period has special significance.

Jats influence in politics

In the contemporary politics of Braj, Jats emerged as powerful. Jat leaders established many states at Braj in this time, such as Sinsini, Deg , Bharatpur , Murasan and Hathras. The kings of Deg-Bharatpur are important in these kings These kings extended the pride of Braj, they were also called 'Brajendra' or 'Brijraj'. In the history of Braj, Krishna ( Alberuni has described Krishna as Jat) [1] after which some Hindu kings ruled, Deg and Bharatpur kings were special. These kings ruled over a large part of the Brasgamal for almost a hundred years. In these Jat rulers, Maharaja Surajmal (from reign 1755 to 1763) and his son Jawahar Singh (Governance period 1763 to 1768) is very famous in the history of Braj.

Jats activity

These Jat kings established the Hindu rule in Braj. Their capital was the first Deg, then Bharatpur was built. During the time of Maharaja Surajmal and his son Jawahar Singh, the Jat state spread very much, but gradually it decreased. Before the British rule in Bharatpur , Mathura and around it, Jats were very influential and were the masters of their kingdom. They used to levy taxes and levies and run their coins. His mint Deeg , Bharatpur, Mathura and Vrindavan in addition to Agra were in Etawah. Coins of Jat kings were also prevalent in the Mathura division except for the Bharatpur state during the British rule.

Ancestors of Aurangzeb and Surajmal

Some scholars consider Jats as foreign dynasty, then some of the divine heritage Some say that it was born from a mythical descendant.

Sir Jadunath Sarkar , while describing the Jats, " spread the vast expanses of land, from the coast of the Indus river to the northern states of Punjab , Rajputana and the upper Yamuna valley, to the Gwalior across the Chambal river , the most important The ethnicity is said [2]
All scholars are unanimous that Jat is Aryan-Vanshi . Jat brought some organizations with him, the most important of which is ' Panchayat ' - 'Gram Sabha of five best persons, who worked as judges and wise men.'
Every Jat village was a small republic of people belonging to the tribe of Gothiya, which was very similar to each other but considered themselves high above other people. Jat was associated with the state as a semi-autonomous entity giving fixed revenue amount. No political power used to try to dictate their right to them, who used to try, they used to get knowledge immediately, sending an armed army against the villages of the fort was not beneficial.
Jat sense of freedom and equality Brahmin-dominated Hinduism did not accept to bow before them because of this spirit GangaThe plight of the privileged Brahmins of the plains of the plain had to bear the contempt and insults. Jats became a compassionate patron for the 'Brahmins' (which they considered astrologer or monk) and 'Kshatriya' (who did not like earning honest living and preferred to be a soldier of rent). Jats were congenital workers and warriors. They used to plow sword in the waist and resort to fields and protect their families, they used to fight more than the Kshatriyas, because the Jats did not run away from their village when attacked by the invaders. If a winner abused the jats or his women were tampered with, then he would take revenge for the robbery of the attackers and take revenge. His own country of patriotism is hostile towards foreigners and also compassionate towards their countrymen,[3]
Professor Kanoon Gone has mentioned the instinctive instinct of the Jats. In the historic era Jat-Samaj is making great refuge for those who were victims of social oppression of Hindus; It raises the dalit and untouchables to a more respectable position and keeps the people coming in the shelter in a homogeneous Arya structure. In view of the physical characteristics, language, character, emotions, governance and social institution-related ideas, today's Jat is a good representative of ancient Vedic Aryans rather than any member of the other characters of Hindus. [4]
Within a short time of becoming the ruler of Aurangzeb, Jat became a thorn in the eye. His residence was principally the royal pargana, which was 'roughly a quadrangular territory, which was about 250 miles south and 100 miles wide from north to south.' [5] Yamuna river was its separator line, Delhi and Agra were the two main cities. There were also Hindu pilgrims and temples in Vrindavan , Gokul , Govardhan and Mathura . The Ganga in the EastAnd the south to Chambal, north to Ambala and the desert in the west. "There were no real limitations of their kingdom. This terrain was under the direct rule of the emperor, but in practice it was divided into some warlords, which have been given to them for the maintenance of their soldiers. The people were 'dabang' rustic, which were not even more revenant than the ordinary, even as they could be swamped with force; and by making the walls of the soil, they built their villages Had given the form of such kinns, which could only be won by artillery. " [6]

Jats in history

Historians did not write about Jats.

Jawaharlal Nehru, K.M. Panikkar also did not mention the name of Jat's chief hero Surajmal.
Todd wrote obscure History-wisdom in Jats is not nearly. Jat comes in some delays in history and since the death of Jawahar Singh (1768), in 1805, the defeat of Lord Lek in Bharatpur was reduced to his glory.
Muslim historians did not admire the Jats. Brahmin and Kayastha writers kept shouting from writing. The fault is only of Jats. His history is incomparable, but there is no historian of Jats. His position in patriotism, courage and bravery is less than that.
Father Vandel writes, "Jats have been so treacherous in India for a few years and their expansion of their territory is so much and their glory has increased in such a short time that in order to understand the present situation of Mughal empire, It is necessary to know about people, who have achieved so much fame. If someone thinks of the rebellions that have shaken the empire so severely in this century, then he will surely come to the conclusion that if Jat is not his only reason, at least the most important The reasons are definitely there. ' [7]
As long as Agra and Delhi were in power, the Jats remained peacefully. They used to take their land, pay wages, and send their men as soldiers in the army. Due to this indifference, historians have neglected them.
Due to being in the war in the South Zone, Aurangzeb could not come to Delhi from 1681-1707. Aurangzeb's son, along with senior commander and adviser Aurangzeb The second class heroes were kept in Delhi to work in Delhi. has been kept away from the present rule . War in South led to the bankruptcy of national treasure . The soldiers of the emperor used to harass farmers for marginalization, which the farmers did not give to the malkujari, the power to recover the goods from them was not in the rule. In such situation of Aurangzeb, the Jats get revolted in the royal pargana. The saying goes that "Jat and wound, it is good to be screwed." [8]
The officers had become voluntary. The Jats of Mathura and Agra districts have been suffering from tyranny and chaos. Local Sheriff Murshid Kuli Khan Turkman was a vile, and adulterous . During her reign, no beautiful woman was safe. Krishna Janmashtami at Govardhan was very big fair. Murshidkulikhas used to wear the tilak on the forehead, wearing a tilak on the forehead, and as soon as a beautiful woman appeared, she ran "like a wolf on the sheep's robe and ran away in the boat, Keeping the edges ready, he would go towards Agra faster. The Hindu poor (without shame) told no one what happened to his daughter. " [9] This kind of immorality has provoked the anger of the people in the public.
When Aurangzeb came to know of this, he made a devout Muslim Abdunnabi Khan, a hub of Mathura district, that peace could be established. Abdunnabi Khani was ordered to stop idol worship. From 1660 to 1669, he remained on this post for almost ten years. Abdunnabikhan was extremely harsh for Hindus, he decided to build a mosque on the dilapidated portion of the Keshavadev Temple in the middle of Mathura . Persecution persists continuously

Culture and society

Military

14th Murrays Jat Lancers (Risaldar Major) by AC Lovett (1862–1919).jpg

A large number of Jat people serve in the Indian Army, including the Jat Regiment, Sikh Regiment, Rajputana Rifles and the Grenadiers, where they have won many of the highest military awards for gallantry and bravery. Jat people also serve in the Pakistan Army especially in the Punjab Regiment.[60]

The Jat people were designated by officials of the British Raj as a "martial race", which meant that they were one of the groups whom the British favoured for recruitment to the British Indian Army. The Jats participated in both World War I and World War II, as a part of the British Indian Army. In the period subsequent to 1881, when the British reversed their prior anti-Sikh policies, it was necessary to profess Sikhism in order to be recruited to the army because the administration believed Hindus to be inferior for military purposes.

The current Pakistani Army Chief, Gen. Qamar Javed Bajwa, belongs to the Bajwa clan, a prominent Jat clan centered in and around the Sialkot region.

The Indian Army admitted in 2013 that the 150-strong Presidential Bodyguard comprises only people who are Hindu Jats, Jat Sikhs and Hindu Rajputs. Refuting claims of discrimination, it said that this was for "functional" reasons rather than selection based on caste or religion.

Religious beliefs

See also: Jat Sikh and Jat Muslim

According to Khushwant Singh, the Jats' attitude never allowed themselves to be absorbed in the Brahminic fold.

The Jat's spirit of freedom and equality refused to submit to Brahmanical Hinduism and in its turn drew the censure of the privileged Brahmins.... The upper caste Hindu's denigration of the Jat did not in the least lower the Jat in his own eyes nor elevate the Brahmin or the Kshatriya in the Jat's estimation. On the contrary, he assumed a somewhat condescending attitude towards the Brahmin, whom he considered little more than a soothsayer or a beggar, or the Kshatriya, who disdained earning an honest living and was proud of being a mercenary.

Jats pray to their dead ancestors, a practice which is called Jathera.

Varna status

The Hindu varna system is unclear on Jat status within the caste system. Some sources state that Jats are regarded as Kshatriyas or "degraded Kshatriyas" who, as they did not observe Brahmanic rites and rituals, had fallen to the status of Shudra. Uma Chakravarti reports that the varna status of the Jats improved over time, with the Jats starting in the untouchable/chandala varna during the eighth century, changing to shudra status by the 11th century, and with some Jats striving for zamindar status after the Jat rebellion of the 17th century.

The Rajputs refused to accept Jat claims to kshatriya status during the later years of the British Raj and this disagreement frequently resulted in violent incidents between the two communities. The claim at that time of kshatriya status was being made by the Arya Samaj, which was popular in the Jat community. The Arya Samaj saw it as a means to counter the colonial belief that the Jats were not of Aryan descent but of Indo-Scythian origin.